All About Physics Class 12 Chapters - CBSE 2023 Physics Syllabus

Physics forms a major part of the CBSE class 12th syllabus in science. Being the most fundamental unit of science it helps us in understanding the world around us. Thus to score well in the CBSE class 12th boards Physics it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the Physics class 12 chapters. The CBSE board exams are of prime importance in deciding your college and thus these exams cannot be taken for granted. Therefore each subject should be given precise attention. 

The Physics class 12 chapters includes nine chapters and hence it is advised that the students should have deep knowledge of the same. So, here is a detailed chapter-wise analysis of topics and their weightage. 

CBSE Physics class 12 chapters 

The central board of secondary education is the administering authority of the class 12th boards. It is this body that is responsible for forming the CBSE class 12th boards syllabus and thus it is the same body that forms the Physics syllabus too. As per the latest update from the board, no new chapters have been added and no chapters have been exempted from the Physics class 12 chapters.

Getting familiar with the syllabus is important to plan your preparation. Along with chapters, you should acquaint yourself with the marking scheme this will help you know how much time should be allotted to each topic. 

CBSE Physics class 12 chapters: Units along with weightage

As mentioned the Physics class 12 chapters incorporate 9 units that have been mentioned with topics in the table below: 

Here is a detailed analysis of Physics class 12 chapters

Unit-1 Electrostatics

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

This chapter includes Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a point charge, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in the uniform electric field. 

Electric flux uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire.

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Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

equipotential surfaces, the electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and a system of charges.

Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors, and capacitance, a combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor, Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.

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Unit-2 current electricity 

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, V-I characteristics, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, the temperature dependence of resistance, emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge. mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, the combination of cells in series.

Unit-3 Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Oersted's experiment, Concept of the magnetic field.

Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.

Straight solenoid, Ampere's law, and its applications to an infinitely long straight wire, force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

The forces between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of an ampere, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, conversion to ammeter and voltmeter and moving coil galvanometers current sensitivity.

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Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole, in a uniform magnetic field, magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit-4 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction;

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self, and mutual induction.

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Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

Unit -5   Electromagnetic waves;

Chapter;8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit-6 Optics  

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, a combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. 

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

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Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, and width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only). 

Unit-7 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit-8 Atoms and Nuclei  

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of the electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

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Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit-9 Electronic Devices    

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n-type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

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